MadSci Net: Earth Sciences (View this file without Frames) |
Hi Mae, That's a really interesting question. The effect is known as a Prandtl-Glauert condensation cloud or more simply, a condensation cloud. There are some excellent descriptions of the effect at these web sites: http://www.fluidmech.net/tutorials/sonic/prandtl-glauert-clouds.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prandtl-Glauert_Singularity You can read about the details at the web sites above, but in simple terms, a cloud is created when air is cooled to a point where moisture in the air condenses. The air cools due pressure changes, which in turn cause temperature changes. Contrary to popular belief, it is not necessarily and indication of breaking the sounds barrier. It can happen at lower, transonic speeds. Contrails are created by a different effect, as they are similar to naturally occurring cirrus clouds -- tiny ice crystals. Prandtl-Glauert condensation clouds are more like naturally occurring fair weather cumulous clouds. You can read more about contrails and types of clouds here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrail http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud Many of the pictures and videos of Prandtl-Glauert condensation clouds are made by high speed aircraft, but usually not travelling at supersonic speeds. I am not aware of any countries that allow supersonic travel over populated areas. This is primarily due to high noise levels of sonic booms. The supersonic transport (SST) or Concorde failed in the market partly due to restrictions on supersonic flights over populated areas. Eventually, the Concorde flew at supersonic speeds over oceans only, namely, the Atlantic. You can read more about the Concorde here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concorde Aircraft at air shows often fly at very high speeds, but I doubt that any actually exceed the speed of sound, at least not at close range. I hope that answers your question! Madhu
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