MadSci Network: Genetics |
The answer to your question is " it depends". It depends upon the way the DNA samples are analyzed to determine relatedness. The real answer is that DNA from different individuals absolutely are different. There is no doubt of that. The only exception being identical twins whose DNA is identical. Now the problem that arises is how much effort is expended (or what tests are run) to determine whether samples match or not. It would be impossible to completely characterized the entire DNA content of an individual. That would take 10-20 years with current technology and cost hundreds of millions of dollars. So people who do DNA testing take shortcuts and do much simpler tests to determine relatedness. There are different tests that can be run, and each has a different probability. So I can't give you an actual number. But standard testing from a competent lab will produce odds that finding two samples that appear to match are in fact from the same individual with the liklihood of an accidental match around hundreds of thousands to millions to 1. Now these numbers are tricky, because they look at the whole population. However if you have a number of individuals from some subpopulation, then you need to reinterpret the numbers. For example if you had an individual from some genetic subpopulation then their DNA would likely be more closely related to other similar individuals. Hence the likelihood of an error is much higher if the population is not random but skewed in some direction.