MadSci Network: Chemistry
Query:

Re: what liquids expand when frozen?

Date: Tue Jul 21 14:10:07 1998
Posted By: Dan Berger, Faculty Chemistry/Science, Bluffton College
Area of science: Chemistry
ID: 900980595.Ch
Message:

what liquids expand when frozen?

is water the only liquid to expand when frozen?


So far as I know, water is the only substance for which the liquid is denser than the solid at standard temperature and pressure (which is 25°C and one atmosphere).

What this means is that the solid will float on the liquid. The implication is that you can have oceans of water which are frozen on top but not all the way down.

There is a good bit of old science fiction about cold planets with oceans of ammonia, but if they ever froze, they'd freeze for good because they'd freeze from the bottom up.

Additional heat (applied from the top, of course) on a partly frozen ammonia ocean would vaporize the surface layer before it would melt the frozen stuff at the bottom. But a water ocean can thaw completely before it starts boiling away because the ice is always at the top.

  Dan Berger
  Bluffton College
  http://cs.bluffton.edu/~berger


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