MadSci Network: Physics |
"Wind", that are billions of air molecules moving relative to the surface of the earth in a certain direction. Each molecule has, at a given time, a certain velocity. There are two different movements that have to be distinguished: 1.) Thermal movement. Dependent on the temperature of the air, the air molecules move with velocities of about 300 m/s in random directions. Some move faster and others more slowly ("Maxwell velocity distribution"). They often hit each other. This movement is the main reason for the air pressure. 2.) On a windy day, additionaly to this random movement there is some movement of the air moleculs in a certain direction. This is what we call "wind". The simple picture is, of course, that all the molecules move in the same direction at the same velocity. This is the "wind velocity". However, this velocity (also depending on time) depends on the place that you measure it. You can compare that to a river that flows faster in the center and more slowly at the bank. In science, people talk about "vector fields". On a mountain the wind might be faster than in the valley. Often, the differences are rather small and we simply talk about "the" wind velocity.
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