MadSci Network: Engineering |
Heating is done by one of three processes: conduction, convection and radiation. Conduction transfers heat by placing a colder object in touch with a warmer one. It is also responsible for moving heat within a body such as your wax. Heat will naturally flow from the warmer wax to the colder portions of the wax. It is slowed by the thermal conductivity of wax; its ability to flow heat. Metals are great conductors, thus their temperature will get uniformly warmer. Insulators, which I suspect wax tends towards, to do not flow heat very well. Your oven mitt is a reasonable insulator, that's why you use them to pick up a hot object. Convective heating is when a liquid or gas moves heat from one place to another. Warm air heating of your house, for instance. You can accelerate the heating of an object such as wax by blowing hot air accross it. A convective oven is an example of this. Unfortunately, the conduction of the heat to the inside of the wax is still at the mercy of the first type of heating. Radiation is the heating of an object by light or radio waves which are absorbed by the object. We use to think of this as the classic case of an object being warmed by the sun. No air or any means of conduction or convection between the sun (the source) and the object. A toaster largerly works on this principle because it has a hot radiative source close to the bread. A microwave could be thought of as a radiative heater, except the heat is absorbed all throughout the object, not just at the surface as in the classical case of radiation. I believe a microwave works well because of the water in the food, which is excited by the radiation. Your wax has no water, and my not react with the microwaves at all. Induction heaters work because the radio waves induce a current in the metal, which developes heat due to the resistance to flow. Your wax would not respond to this either. How much can you control the shape of the wax? If you have a cube of wax 3" on each side (27 cubic inches), you are at the mercy of the thermal conductivity of the wax due to the physical shape of the wax. If you want to uniformly heat the wax, start with a thin sheet 18" x 9" x 0.166" in size. Now you could place it in a convective or radiative oven and heat both sides of the sheet. The heat would only have to travel 1/2 the shortest distance (.088 inch) instead of having to flow 1.5 inches to the center of the cube. You could accomplish the same thing by starting with a ribbon of thin wax or small diameter rod which is long. The heat could be applied all along the length of the ribbon or rod. How about cutting up the wax into small pieces or even grinding it up and blowing it past a heating element. In all of these cases, you are shortening the conductive path in at least one dimension. Since I don't know the reason for the question, I don't know if the above really helps you solve the real problem.
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