MadSci Network: Physics |
Given the broad scope of the question, I will make a few assumptions to help make sense of what I think the intent of the question was. If we are assuming that you or the vehicle you are in is the target of the bullet, the risk of death from the radiation is not even a consideration, I assure you. The near total destruction of the vehicle will ensure that. Because of that, some background on DU Penetrator rounds is in order. The purpose of the DU round is to go through a lot of armor with as little difficulty as possible. The great density of Uranium metal is the key. At an astonishing 18.9 grams per cubic centimeter, it rates as one of the densest elements on the Periodic Chart. Rest assured that other metals have been tried by the military and none work as well as Uranium. The secondary effect of Uranium is an added "boost" in terms of military advantage: it's pyrophoric. What this means is, as the round finished going through the armor it has heated up tremendously and as it penetrates the inside of the armor, it breaks into fragments and ignites itself and anything else flammable in the near vicinity. If that happens to be the ammo magazine in your tank, the results should be fairly obvious. So enough on the how, now to the health issues that arise assuming that you aren't a target. In terms of radioactive elements, Uranium is very stable by comparison. Since this is depleted Uranium, it is primarily U-238 which has a half life of 4.47 BILLION years. (It's primarily U-238 since U-235 is the "good stuff" for putting in nuclear reactors and gets taken out, so we say that depleted Uranium is Uranium that has had most of the U-235 pulled out of it.) The longer the half life is, the lower the radioactive activity for a given quantity. Also, Uranium is an alpha emitter. Basicly, this means that the nucleus of the Uranium atom spits out the equivalent of a Helium nucleus when it decays. Alpha particles are the weakest form of radiation OUTSIDE your body (more on this later). Alphas are so weak, they won't penetrate a sheet of paper or even the layer of dead skin on your body. So the end result is that if you pick up a DU bullet and walk around with it in your pocket, aside from it being very heavy, nothing bad will happen to you. The next issue has to do with the possibility of getting some Uranium inside you with out getting shot in the process. This can happen in two ways. If you eat something that has Uranium in it, the end result is that the vast majority is removed when you go to the bathroom. Your body doesn't much like it. What is absorbed tends to concentrate around bones like a lot of heavy metals do. Also, seeking medical treatment to basicly flush you out will also help. It's not good for you by any means, but it's certainly less awful than a great number of things I can think of. The other way is to inhale particles. If the bullet is intact then there is nothing to worry about here. The problem comes in cleaning up a tank or other vehicle shot up with DU rounds. Remember, the round breaks up and catches fire, this tends to make particles of a size that can be inhaled. Wearing a proper face mask or respirator will effectively remove the risk of inhaling any particles. Uranium in the lungs is particularly bad since the body can't get rid of it very easily. The problem here is that now the Uranium is giving off those alpha particles INSIDE your body where there is no layer of dead skin to protect you. If you inhale a lot of Uranium dust, after many years (usually 10-30) it is possible to get cancer or some respiratory disease from the Uranium decaying in your lungs. Usually, it takes a lot of dust over a long period of time to do this. Again, I want to stress that the simplest and most basic safety measures will protect you against serious problems. Many, many people in the US have worked with Uranium for a very long time with no serious effects (barring the very rare accident). I hope this fully answers the question!
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