| MadSci Network: Astronomy |
Stars will appear to shimmer or twinkle due to the motion of the atmosphere. This is called scintillation. Planets do not apppear to twinkle or change color unless the atmosphere is very unstable. This is most evident when the stars are close to the horizon and less pronounced as the stars near zenith. The reason that this happens is stars are so far away that they have no apparent diameter when viewed from earth. They are points of light. Movement of the atmosphere causes the light to refract as it enters the air from space. As the density of the air changes between you and the star, the colors will change. If there is more dust and particles in the atmosphere, the color will tend toward the red. As a star moves from the horizon to more directly overhead, you are looking through less air so the star's color is more stable. Planets on the other hand are close enough to us that they have a visible diameter. Looking at any planet through even a small pair of binoculars will show a disk instead of a point. Because of this size the atmosphere has less effect on the light from planets. Here is a site that talks about the motion of the atmosphere affecting the color of stars. History of scintillation
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