| MadSci Network: Environment & Ecology |
Hi Ed.
Silica refers to naturally occurring minerals composed principally of
silicon dioxide (SiO2). Silicon dioxide exists in both crystalline and
amorphous forms. Quartz, cristobalite and tridymite are the three most
common crystalline forms. These forms are interrelated and can change
their form under different conditions of temperature and pressure. There
are two different forms of quartz that are designated by the prefixes
alpha and beta. The most common form is alpha-quartz which is a major
component of igneous rocks, such as granite and pegmatite, but is also
found in sandstone and sedimentary rock such as slate and shale. Beta-
quartz is less common. Many synthetic forms of quartz also exist.
Crystaline silica or essentially sand can be removed mechanically with as
turbo separaterwhich essentially has a container that the sand settles do
to the swirling motion of the water and then physically removed.
Silica is found in makeup water from regions of high volcanic activity.
Parts of California, New Mexico, Mexico, and other regions contain silica
concentrations in excess of 30 mg/L in the makeup water.
Silica scale can take many forms. Amorphous silica scale or water glass
will form in the coolest and lowest pH portions of a system. This is
opposite of calcium carbonate that will deposit in the hottest and highest
pH portion of a system.
Silica will react with divalent metal cations such as iron and magnesium.
The resultant scale will be very hard and difficult to remove. Mineral
acids such as hydrochloric, sulfamic, citric, and sulfuric have no effect
on dissolving silica. Toxic acids such as Hydrofluoric (HF) or other
fluoride compounds such as Ammonium Bifluoride (ABF) must be used to
remove silica scale.
Without special treatment schemes, maximum acceptable silica
concentrations in cooling towers is 150 to Silica chemistry is very site
specific because silica can react with a wide variety of ions.
Silicon does not occur as a free element in nature, but it occurs as
silicates and silicon dioxide as above so what you are telling me about
silicon cannot be possible unless it is being place within the water
source artificially. You didn't say water your water source is (city,
well, pond, etc) but as I say the silicon would have to be added to the
supply to exist there and I would be more concerned about that if it is
indeed happening..
I hope this imformation helps….Mark
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