MadSci Network: Physics |
Answer: It depends on the size of the smaller mass placed in the middle. If the smaller mass were very tiny (in comparison to the distance from the two larger masses), then the answer would be "nothing would happen". The small mass would be in a condition of unstable equilibrium. If the small mass were displaced ever so slightly closer to one of the masses, it would accelerate at an increasing rate toward the closer body. A more interesting thing happens if the mass in the middle is of significant size. Tidal forces become apparent due to the uneven forces of the pull of gravity caused by different parts of the central object being different distances away from the larger bodies. The force of gravitational attraction is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects. This uneven pull of gravity, called a gravitational force gradient, can stretch the body out if not held together tightly. In a real sense, these tidal forces (if the bodies were large enough and close enough) could cause the breakup of all three bodies even before they collided.
Try the links in the MadSci Library for more information on Physics.