MadSci Network: Chemistry
Query:

Re: How can I find the identity of an unknown acid through titration?

Date: Sun Oct 8 11:58:29 2000
Posted By: Kevin Wright, Secondary School Teacher, Head of Science, Chemistry graduate., Mary Hare School for the Deaf
Area of science: Chemistry
ID: 970961884.Ch
Message:

You can’t actually IDENTIFY an acid by titration. You need to carry out a 
systematic series of analytical tests first. The first thing to ascertain 
is whether it is an organic or mineral acid. If it is a mineral acid, then 
carry out the usual sulphate, nitrate tests etc.
If it is organic, assuming you have access to the pure acid as solid or 
liquid, you can make up a volumetric solution using a known mass (e.g. 1g 
in 100ml). Next carry out a titration using standardised NaOH – you may 
have to make an assumption that, being organic, it is a weak acid and use 
phenolphthalein as indicator. It will also be pot luck if you get a 
reasonable titre depending on the concentration of NaOH you use. From the 
titre of NaOH calculate the possible molarity (concentration of the acid 
solution in moles per litre) assuming it to be monoprotic (HA - this is 
most likely) or diprotic (H2A). You can then find out how many moles of 
solid you have used to make up your original solution (in 100ml) and from 
that (and the mass you used) calculate the relative molecular mass (moles 
used = mass used/rel molecular mass). It won’t identify the acid, but it 
will give the possible molecular mass and you could deduce possible 
formulae. You clearly need more information then to be sure of the 
identity.
Hope that helps,
Kevin



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