| MadSci Network: General Biology |
Lice are wingless insects that occur in all areas of the world and
in all socio-economic classes. People of all ages and from all walks of
life can be infested, however children and their family members are the
ones usually affected.Lice spread from human to human most often by direct
contact with an already infested person. Anyone can catch head lice. Head
lice happen where people live, learn, work or play together. Head lice
cannot fly, hop or jump; they spread from person to person by head to head
contact. Contact is common during play at school and at home (slumber
parties, sports activities, at camp, on a playground). Alternately,
transmission can occur by wearing infested clothing, such as hats,
scarves, coats, sports uniforms, or hair ribbons; by using infested combs,
brushes, or towels; and by lying on a bed, couch, pillow etc. where an
infested person has lain.
Body lice (_Pediculus humanus_) are restricted most often to the human
body and head (some authorities believe the head louse is a separate
species). Crab (pubic) lice (_Phthirus pubis_) are most often restricted
to the pubic region, but may spread to the armpits, facial hair (beard,
etc.), eyebrows, and eyelashes. Infestations with lice are not a serious
problem (as long as the lice are not infected with a disease), but they
can cause a number of uncomfortable symptoms, including skin irritations
and intense itching. The body louse will serve as the vector for typhus
(caused by _Rickettsia prowazekii_), trench fever (caused by _Rochalimaea
quintana_, a rickettsia), and relapsing fever (caused by a spirochete,
_Borrelia recurrentis_). Severe epidemics of these diseases have occurred
throughout history, particularly during wars, so lice and the diseases
they spread have played an important role in human history.
Incidently: “lice” is the plural of “louse”, so “lices” is
incorrect!
http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/headlice.html http://hna.ffh.vic.gov.au/phb/9908014/ http://onhealth.webmd.com/conditions/resource/conditions/fulltext/item%
2C395.asp http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/articles/louse.html http://www.msue.msu.edu/msue/imp/mod02/01500559.html
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