MadSci Network: Genetics |
It is possible to change human DNA in human cells growing in tissue culture using a retrovirus. These can be engineered to carry a new segment of DNA and insert it into the host DNA. This is now a standard technique for making transgenic animals - animals containing extra or manipulated DNA. It is also the basis for most thinking about gene therapy but at the moment such experiments have not been allowed in human beings because of fear that inserting new DNA might lead to cancer. DNA in our bodies gets changed in all sorts of ways just because we are alive. It gets damaged by radiation, by viruses and chemicals; things go wrong in cell division. The body has a very sophisticated system that checks for such damage and repairs it, if it can. If it can't, the cells with damaged DNA are killed or go onto to become cancerous.
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