MadSci Network: Zoology |
Although it is certainly true that many dinosaur groups were not brainy by the standards of modern mammals, the idea that dinosaurs were pea-brained creatins is based largely on sloppy work and out of date mass estimates. In truth, even the "dumbest" dinosaurs had brains that are in the size range predicted for reptiles of their size range. Older estimates that suggested that Brachiosaurus had a brain only slightly above mushroom level resulted because the researcher used a juvenile cranium specimen (whose owner probably massed around 15 tonnes in life) and assigned a mass of 80 tonnes, which is probably twice as large as an average adult brachiosaur. By the end of the Cretaceous, most dinosaur groups (e.g. ornithopods, ceratopsians, and most large theropods) has brains larger than predicted for reptiles of their size range. Some small theropods and tyrannsaurs were even more encephalized (big brained), and in fact the smartest animal alive at the end of the Mesozoic was likely a dinosaur, although reliable brain estimates for mammals from that period do not exist. One interesting question relates to the whether the reptile-sized brains of stegosaurs, sauropods, and many primative dinosaur groups meant that they had phsiologies like modern lizards and snakes. Although many argued in the 70's and 80's that this was true, it now seems unlikely that small brain size is inextricably linked to a cold-blooded metabolism. One reason, commonly overlooked in popular books on the subject, is that early mammals didn't have brains much larger either. And those mammal ancestors the Therapsids, at least some of which likely warm-blooded, had normal, reptile sized brains. It is only our modern perspective, after 50 million years of a mammalian brain "arms-race" that it looks like big brains are normal for warm blooded-animals. Here are some related links: http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/anatomy/Brain.shtml http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dinosaurs/iq.html ...and here are some books you might want to check out: The Scientific American Book of Dinosaurs, Gregory s Paul(Editor),St Martins Press,2000.Dinosaurs: The Encyclopedia, Donald F.Glut and Michael K. Bret-Surman, McFarland and Company, 1997
Try the links in the MadSci Library for more information on Zoology.