MadSci Network: General Biology |
This is a good question, and you've done well to think of a possible answer. Plants don't have sensory organs like animals, but they do sense and respond to their environment. A tree growing on a slope grows straight up because plants' growing tips (meristems) at the ends of roots and shoots respond to both gravity and light. Root tips respond positively to gravity growing toward the center of the Earth (and in the case of dandelions, the roots nearly reach the Earth's center). Shoot tips respond negatively to gravity by growing upward. Shoot tips also respond positively to light, the sun overhead, and many roots respond negatively to light. Experiments on tropisms are easy to conduct with growing seeds. If you have some corn or beans, examine the seeds. In corn the embryo forms an oval patch low on one side with the root closest to the end. The bean embryo consists of a pair of leaves, cotyledons (most of the bean) and they are connected to a short root and a short shoot with small leaves. You can soak them in water over night, and then position them in various ways and let them germinate. Even in the dark, shoots will turn upward and roots downward. The turning of a root or shoot is caused by cells on the opposite side growing more than those on the near side, which is turn is caused by different concentrations of growth substances. This is handy because you don't have to carefully position seeds when you plant them to get them to grow properly. So a tree is straight on the slope because it grows in alignment with gravity and light. You could germinate a seed on a slope in the dark and see this happen on a small scale.
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