MadSci Network: Neuroscience |
Dear Toko, The nervous system can be divided in different parts such as the central (brain & spinal chord) and peripherical (autonomic and skeletal) systems. The autonomic system directly influence some internal organs. It can be divided in two general systems that have opposite effects on organs : sympathetic and parasympatetic. The sympathetic system is active when an individual faces stressfull events. In such circumstances, the heart rate is increased, the eyes pupils are wide open, energy is sended to muscles and so on. The parasympathetic system is active when the individual is more relaxed : digestive functions are increased, heart rate slow down and the pupils contract. Although not all reactions fit this scheme, I think this is a useful way of looking at the autonomic nervous system. It is interesting to notice that this is precisely in the latter state (when the parasympathetic system is activated) that a person can concentrate himself into an intellectual task, not in a stressful situation. Nonetheless, if you (or an animal) see a wild animal in a forest, it is the sympathetic system that will be activated and you will probably not be in the mood for solving mathematical problems. On the other hand, your body will be ready to run and react rapidly to a possible aggression. There is a kind of equilibrium (homeostasis) between the two systems that varies according to situations that the individual experienced. I hope this helps ! Eric
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