MadSci Network: General Biology
Query:

Re: why don't people get goose bumps on their face?

Date: Wed Aug 22 12:00:57 2001
Posted By: Thomas M. Greiner, Associate Professor of Anatomy / Physical Anthropology
Area of science: General Biology
ID: 998082706.Gb
Message:

Why don’t people get goose bumps on their face?

Goose bumps are caused by little muscles in the skin called erector pilae. 
Each of these muscles is attached to a hair follicle. So, when the muscle 
contracts, the hair stands up straight. In many animals this provides 
extra insulation by trapping air between the hairs, or makes the animals 
look slightly larger by causing all its hairs to stand out (which can be 
useful when the animal is threatened and wants to make itself look as big 
and mean as possible). In humans the same phenomenon is going on, except 
that our hair is not thick enough to make a real difference for insulation 
or for threats. Still, the erector pilae involuntarily contract when we 
are cold or frightened and give us goose bumps.

There are, however, several parts of the body where the skin does not 
possess erector pilae muscles. These are usually areas where the skin is 
serving other functions, such as the grasping function of the palms. In 
the face, we still have erector pilae like muscles, except that they have 
grown much larger. Collectively, these muscles are known as the muscles of 
facial expression. In most animals, their main job it to aid in chewing 
and keeping the mouth closed. They still serve these functions in humans, 
but they also allow us to smile, frown and make a number of other faces to 
convey emotion. So, we don’t get goose bumps on our face because the skin 
muscles have other, more important, functions in that area.



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