Re: what is submerged gel electrophoresis?

In order to perform most modern-day gel electrophoresis experiments, the 
system has to be set up so that current can flow between the positive and 
negative electrodes.  In the electric field that is produced, the DNA or 
proteins migrate through the gel towards the electrode with the opposite 
charge.  The term submerged just refers to the fact that the gel is covered 
by or is in continuous contact with a buffer solution that can conduct 
electricity - salty water.  For much DNA work, the gel is actually 
physically covered with buffer and is therefore really "submerged" under 
the solution.  For some other types of electrophorisis, only the top and 
bottom of the gel are covered with buffer and the gel itself provided the 
electrical link between the positive and negative electrodes.