Re: will the whole solar system eventually find itself in resonance

Great question. I love pondering what will happen to the solar system over the next few billion years!

Just to clarify the situation as it is now: orbital resonances are not that common. Three of Jupiter's Galilean moons (Io, Europa and Ganymede) are in orbital resonance, with Io going around Jupiter 4 times for ever 2 times that Europa goes around and one orbit of Ganymede. (Callisto, the outermost Galilean satellite, is not in this resonace, yet.) We also see orbital resonances with Jupiter in the asteroid belt and resonances with Neptune in the Edgeworth-Kuiper belt. (The Edgeworth-Kuiper belt, sometimes just called the Kuiper belt, is a disk of comets that lie just outside of Neptune's orbit. Pluto is part of this group.) Given the large number of asteroids and comets, it isn't too suprising to find some of them in resonances with the giant planets, purely by chance. (Pluto is one of the objects in the Edgeworth-Kuiper belt which is in resonance with Neptune. This makes the Pluto-Neptune pair the only case of two major planets in orbital resonance.) The rest of the major planets (the ones we usually call planets) are not in resonances with each other.

Why not? If you just planets down in the solar system, more or less at random, you would expect only a small fraction of planets to be in resonance. To get the rest into resonances, you need to move the planets around. Until quite recently (the past ten years or so), astronomers didn't think the major planets could move much, since they are so large. For the most part, we continue to think that our planets haven't moved much since they were formed. The exceptions might be Uranus and Neptune. Many astronomers now think that these two planets might have moved outward from the Sun early in their lives. As they move out, towards the Edgeworth-Kuiper belt, Neptune starts to catch comets in its resonances. Once caught, a comet will move out with Neptune, always in that resonace. Since Uranus and Neptune are the only two planets (along with Pluto, which probably moved with Neptune) likely to have moved much, we don't expect to see many other resonances.

By the way, the same sort of thing happened with Io, Europa and Ganymede: as Io moved away from Jupiter (as we believe it must have), it eventually caught Europa in a resonance. The two then moved out together, eventually catching Ganymede. Callisto will eventually be added to this dance between the moons, but not for some time.

So what about the asteroid belt? That's a different story. It turns out that the asteroids are in resonance with Jupiter not because they got caught be because Jupiter is probably responsible for there being an asteroid belt! Those resonances with Jupiter would have stirred up the asteroids while our solar system was forming, keeping them from being able to form a planet. (Stirring up the asteroids means that they hit each other harder, causing them to break apart rather than to stick together.) So the resonances are not a coincidence, but rather they caused the formation of the asteroid belt.

So to answer your question about the future: no, it is unlikely that we will see the other planets getting into resonances. The planets are not at this time moving much at all. (Uranus, Neptune and Pluto have all pretty much settled down.) Does this have anything to do with the Earth-Moon system? Not really. The Moon is in a different kind of resonance with Earth, called a spin-orbit resonance. For every time it spins around once, it also goes around the Earth once. The cause of this is tides, which is fairly different from what causes the resonances elsewhere.

I hope this answers your (wonderful!) question. If you'd like to learn more about resonances in our solar system, you should try The Nine Planets Website. Also, if you can find an introductory astronomy book, like The Cosmic Perspective by Bennet, Donahue, Schneider and Voit, there will probably be some good stuff about resonances, as well as the Earth-Moon system, in there.