MadSci Network: Other |
Good question! Two things need to happen for your reflection to be seen. First, the light from you has to bounce back from the surface of the mirror. Second, the surface has to be polished smooth, so the light will be reflected as an image (specular) instead of being scattered everywhere (diffused). First, light is an electromagnetic wave. When it reaches a surface its electromagnetic energy causes a reaction with the electrons making up the surface. If the electrons are able to move freely, they respond by bouncing the energy back. Most metals conduct electricity well, that is why they make good mirrors if they are polished smooth enough. Second, the light energy has to always bounce back at the same angle, so the image holds together. This is a "specular" reflection that we want from mirrors, shown on the left half of the picture. A piece of white paper reflects more than 99% of the light, because, amazingly, at the microscopic level the electrons are free to move, and the individual molecules in paper conduct electricity. But a microscope shows us the paper is really very rough, so the light gets scattered, we call it a "diffuse" reflection, shown on the right half. Your household mirrors are usually made of a very thin layer of silver or aluminum on the back of a smooth piece of glass. Nearly any material smooth enough to give a "specular" surface will have some amount of reflection, because the electromagnetic properties change at the boundary, and the "boundary condition" causes some portion to be reflected. So you see getting a smooth surface to reflect nothing at all can be as difficult as getting a surface to reflect a perfect image. When the frequency is very high, as in light, the wavelength can be small, near the scale of a molecule. The electromagnetic properties often vary quite a bit with frequency, which gives colors. For instance copper conducts a bit better at the frequencies of red light, giving it a reddish color.
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