MadSci Network: Earth Sciences |
There are several ways of looking at this question. It does have to do with plate tectonics and plate motions. The easiest way to measure plate motions is to look at "relative motion" This is the motion of one plate that an observer standing on another plate would see. For example, if you stand on the North American plate in California, you would see the Pacific plate moving to the north at 35 milimeters per year (as a good rule of thumb, plates move about as fast as your fingernails grow.) If you stand on the Pacific plate on the other hand, you would see the North American plate moving south at 35 milimeters per year. If you want to see the relative motion of any two plate, you can use theis web site: http://triton.ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~intridge/pmc/nuvel1.html The relative motion of Wisconsin would always have to be described with respect to another plate. So for example, if you were standing on the Pacific plate, and Wisconsin is on the North American plate, you could predict that Wisconsin would move north by 35 mm/year and in 1 million years would be 35 million milimeters or 35,000 meters, or 35 kilometers (~22 miles). This calculation is really not accurate however, because plates move by rotating on a sphere. Close to the point of rotation, the motion is slow, farther away it is fast, so you cannot really take a rate at the boundary and project it into the middle of the plate. The more difficult way is to measure absolute motion. The problem with absolute motion is that all the plates are moving, so there is nowhere to stand to measure absolute motion. The best we can do is use things that move very slowly, like hotspots (such as under Hawaii.) If you want to see the absolute motion of any point on any plate, try this web site: http://triton.ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~intridge/pmc/hs2_nuvel1.html In this case, you can input your latitude and longitude and see your absolute motion. This will tell you how far north, east, west, south or whatever you would move each year. The problem with this is that the earth's axis of rotation slowly adjusts to the distribution of plates (to keep the mass concentrated around the equator), so that even if your absolute motion is north, your latitude might not increase. The best bet for your question is the absolute motion calculator. I wouldn't be surprised if you have more questions about my reply - I think if you send them to the MadSci site they can forward them back to me. Good luck with your project, Dave
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