Re: what is the ratio between male and female scientists in the world today?

Interesting. I am not sure where you got the information that the male to 
female ratio in the EU was so biased in favour of males. Indeed, from the 
data that I have, it would not appear to be the case at all.

It is also hard to sift out the different disciplines and to sort out who 
constitutes a scientist and who doesn't. For example, is simply receiving 
a science degree qualification as a scientist? If so, more than 50% of 
graduates from undergraduate Chemistry programs are female in the U.S. 
and Canada. That would be a lot of women chemists.

However, some do not actually take jobs within the chemistry profession 
or work in the laboratory. Are they still scientists? I am not sure how 
you would answer that question and that affects the numbers that one 
obtains.

Probably the best place to find information on this is from the 
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (the OECD) which 
has some 30 member states, including the U.S., and has a great many 
publications dealing with economic and social issues for the countries 
involved.

In their publications, I found the following:

"While graduation rates for females equal or exceed those for males in 
most OECD countries, women are still under-represented in advanced 
research programmes. They are less likely to graduate at doctoral level 
except in Portugal, Italy and Iceland; in Japan and Korea, they receive 
less than a quarter of all doctorates awarded. They are even less likely 
to obtain university degrees in Science and Engineering. Women account on 
average for more than two-thirds of OECD degrees in humanities, arts, 
education, health and welfare, but for less than one-third in mathematics 
and computer science, and less than one-quarter in engineering. Some 80% 
of Science and Engineering university degrees awarded in Japan, the 
Netherlands and Switzerland are delivered to men."

So, using first degrees as a criteria, the high end of the scale is 
around 60% female for Poland and the low end is around 20% female for 
countries such as Japan, the Netherlands, and Switzerland.

To break it down even further, in the United States, a comparison of six 
disciplines that include engineering gives the results - Chemistry 51%, 
Math & Statistics 46%, Computer Science 25%, Physics 22%, Engineering 
20%, and Engineering Technology 14%. The numbers in the Life Sciences 
tend to be around 60% or so.

These numbers are fairly consistent with the numbers in Canada but do 
vary in other countries. However, the relative position of the different 
science disciplines is roughly the same with the Life Sciences leading, 
followed by Chemistry and Math, and with Engineering pulling up the rear. 
In some countries, the percentage of women taking Engineering degrees is 
negligible.

As to the world wide ratio of Engineers to Scientists, some would argue 
that Engineers are Scientist and therefore, this is not a valid question. 
However, I would suggest that the ratio is typically on the order of 
about 90% scientists and 10% engineers - depending upon the definition of 
scientists that you are using. There are countries, though, where more 
engineers graduate than other disciplines. To a certain extent this can 
be a matter of classification as some degrees in "science" - such as 
Chemistry - get classified as "engineering".

Hope this helps answer your questions. There are resources on the web if 
you would like to explore this further. I would suggest the OECD site as 
a starting point.