MadSci Network: Physics |
I'm not quite sure what you're asking. The field does not carry spin; spin is the intrinsic angular momentum carried by particles which are quantized excitations of the field. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_%28physics%29 So, for example, the photon and gluon are massless spin-1 particles. This is a brief way of saying that if the photon's angular momentum is measured along some direction, the result will be +1 or -1 times the reduced Planck constant, h-bar. Similarly, the hypothetical graviton is a massless spin-2 particle. The Higgs boson is a massive spin-0 particle. The electron is a massive spin-1/2 particle. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron There is no "energy from the spin". The minimum energy of a photon is zero (as the wavelength goes to infinity), despite the fact that the spin is always 1 h-bar. The minimum energy of an electron is its mass times the speed of light squared (when it is at rest), regardless of its spin of 1/2 h-bar. If there are no particles in a region of space, then there is no spin angular momentum in that region either. The photon particle has spin 1 because the vector potential field, of which the photon is a quantized excitation, is a vector field. That means that the field transforms under Lorentz transformations (rotations and boosts) like the space-time four-vector (t,x,y,z) and the field carries one Lorentz index. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_four-potential http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-vector The graviton particle has spin 2 because the metric tensor field, of which the graviton is a quantized excitation, is a rank-2 tensor. That means that the field transforms like the outer product of two four-vectors and the field carries two Lorentz indices. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_tensor_%28general_relativity%29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_covariance The Higgs field, of which the Higgs boson is a quantized excitation, is unique in the Standard Model of Particle Physics. For all other fields (e.g. vector potential field, electron field, etc.) the lowest energy configuration is no field at all. For the Higgs field, the lowest energy configuration is to fill space with the Higgs field. Setting the Higgs field to zero would require energy. Even though space is filled with the Higgs field, it is not easy to produce excitations of the field which are the spin-0 Higgs bosons. In fact, the Higgs boson was not produced until 2011 in the Large Hadron Collider. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Hadron_Collider --Randall J. Scalise http://www.physics.smu.edu/scalise
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