MadSci Network: Astronomy
Query:

Re: RE: Red shift/violet shift

Area: Astronomy
Posted By: William J Bray,
Date: Tue Aug 13 15:03:58 1996
Message:

If I am interpretting the question correctly, Iım assuming that
youıre describing a blue shift of light emitted from collapsing
electron orbitals.  There is no blue shift associated with an
electron orbital collapse.  That is, when an electron orbital shifts
to a lower energy level, it emmits a discrete wavelength of light
that is equal to the energy lost as it decays from a higher enrgy
orbital to a lower energy orbital.  There is no reletivistic event
occuring here, thus, there is no blue shift or red shift.  A blue
shift could only occur if the entire atom associated with the
electron orbital were moving toward the observer.

I think what you might be confusing is that the greater the "fall"
from the higher most to the lower most energy level of an electron
orbital, the higher the frequency of light that will be emitted.  For
instance, if an electron falls from the second electron orbital to
the first, the energy difference is small and the light emitted is of
a long wavelength (such as red, assuming it is visible at all) which
is a low energy wavelength.  If an electron "falls" from, say, the
fifth orbital to the first, the enrgy difference is large, the light
emitted is of shorter wavelength (perhaps blue or violet)
representing high energy.  This is not a relativistic effect, this is
merely how light is created.

When we look at ancient light, we know how the light was created and
what wavelengths should make up that light.  However, when we compare
the light from distant objects to a stationary light source in the
laboratory, we can see that the light is slightly off kilter,
characteristically redder (is redder a word?) than it is supposed to
be.  Thus, we know that the object is moving away from us.  By seeing
how much the light is shifted into the red, we know how fast it is
moving away from us.

I will give you a hypothetical example of comparing light from
distant object to light in the laboratory.  We know that mercury (the
element, not the planet) emmits several wavelengths of light when it
is excited.  The excitation of mercury is caused by absorbing energy,
either heat, light, or some other form of electromagnetic energy. 
Some of the wavelengths emmitted are 690.7nm (nanometers), 579.1nm,
577.0nm, 546.1nm, 496.0nm, 491.6nm, and 404.7nm.  There are very few
substances that will emit light that is very, very close to any of
these wavlengths, thus, we know that when we are looking at a very
distant object, say, a different galaxy, most of the light we see is
from common elements, such as mercury.  But if we see light that is
691.7nm, 580.1nm, 578.0nm, 547.1nm, 497.0nm, 492.6nm, and 405.7nm we
can see that the entire mercury spectrum has been shifted up in
wavelength by 1 nanometer (more red - red shifted), compared to our
mercury light source in the lab.  If there were a "blue shift" toward
the violet from my light source in the lab - as you had thought might
come from electron orbital collapse in my mercury light source, than
any mercury spectrum outside of my laboratory would appear red
shifted.  However, There is no blue shift occuring in my mercury
light source and everything else I measure on Earth has the correct
mercury spectrum.  The longer (red shifted) wavelengths comming from
the mercury spectrum in our distant galaxy is because that galaxy is
moving away from us - actually, we say that the space itself between
us is expanding such that it appears that we are moving appart from
one another.

In summary, the more violet light comming from a light source in the
laboratory is because the electrons are falling from a very highly
excited state to a very low energy state, rather than falling from a
medium energy state to a lower energy state, which would give off a
more yellow or red color.  This is not a relitivistic effect, such as
we see when objects, such as a light source are moving toward us,
which would make the light appear to be more blue or violet.  Each
atom or molecule gives off an exact frequency(s) of light depending
on how excited you get it.  If this exact frequency(s) is slightly
off from where it should be, then we know that the atom or molecule
is moving toward us or away from us, depending on whether the shift
is toward the blue (moving toward us) or red (moving away from us).


Current Queue | Current Queue for Astronomy | Astronomy archives

Try the links in the MadSci Library for more information on Astronomy.




MadSci Home | Information | Search | Random Knowledge Generator | MadSci Archives | Mad Library | MAD Labs | MAD FAQs | Ask a ? | Join Us! | Help Support MadSci
MadSci Network
webadmin@www.madsci.org