MadSci Network: Physics |
Q:If Special Relativity predicts that nothing can travel faster than light, how can Quantum jumps be instantaneous? Is this one of the discrepancies between Relativity and Quantum mechanics? Q:Could Quantum jumps be used to transmit information faster than light? Note: I'm using "^" as an exponent operator. No, I do not think you will find a discrepancy here. Excellent question, though, and the resolution lies in understanding the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. It states that the product in uncertainty of two conjugate quantum variables will be greater than Plank's constant divided by 4 pi. Plank's constant is 1.054 x 10^(-34)J-sec. Notice the units, energy multiplied by time or (kg-m^2/sec^2)(sec). Energy and time are conjugate, so the uncertainty regarding time of a transition from one state to another multiplied by the uncertainty in the energy will be greater than 1.024 x 10^(-34) J-sec. The only way that you can make the time for the transition small is to increase the uncertainty regarding the energy. That may not be feasible if the quantum states are specifed realistically. There have been a lot of incorrect interpretation of Heisnberg's principle. It does not mean that "everything is uncertain", just as the Special Theory of Relativity does not mean that "everything is relative". They each make very precise and verifiable predictions about how matter, energy, space and time are related. Planck's constant is pretty small, so the level of uncertainty is not too great, unless you are at very small scales or small masses. Just for the record, another conjugate pair of variables are momentum and position. The units can also be expressed as (kg-m/sec)(m) which are the same as above. The typical explanation for the uncertainty relations uses the change in momentum induced by a measuring photon. I have become increasingly dissatisfied with that explanation as I have gotten older, since it does not extend well to the energy-time question and I think the relation is more fundamentally built into the operator algebra of quantum mechanics. I have never heard of a plausible mechanism for transmitting information using quantum mechanics. The two theories generally put mutual constraints on what is physically possible. Sprechen Sie Deutsch? Gehen Sie herien. The original..(Apologies for my poor memory and poorer still study habits in college German.) aip.org Or go here: ufl.edu Or look at this nice 4 page essay: msu.edu David Winsemius, MD
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