| MadSci Network: Cell Biology |
Dear Jack, I have summarized below the main differences between cell
division in animals and plants and have listed some links to sites that
might clarify some of the scientific terms I mention in my answer.
Hope this helps.
Sincerely,
Sabine Heinhorst.
Differences between Mitosis of Animal and Plant Cells
Prophase:
Plants, Animals: Chromosomes condense.
Animals: mitotic spindle forms between centrosomes on one side of
the nucleus.
Plants: cortical microtubules grow together to form the spindle
around the nuclear envelope. Preprophase band (actin,
microtubules) forms under the plasma membrane at the place where
the new cell wall will be formed when the cell divides.
Prometaphase:
Plants, Animals: Nuclear envelope breaks down, chromosomes move to
metaphase plate, spindle captures chromosomes.
Plants: Preprophase band breaks down. Exact function of this
structure is not know, maybe changes the cell wall to “mark the
spot” for new cell wall formation during division.
Metaphase:
Plants, Animals: Chromosomes align at spindle equator.
Anaphase:
Plants, Animals: Chromosomes move towards cell poles.
Telophase:
Plants, Animals: Nuclear envelopes reform and chromosomes begin to
decondense, spindle breaks down.
Animals: Contractile ring (actin, myosin) forms approximately
midway between the two nuclei in the dividing cell.
Plants: Phragmoplast (actin, myosin, microtubules) forms in center
of cell, where new cell wall will be formed.
Cytokinesis (actual division):
Animals: Contractile ring contracts and pinches the two daughter
cells apart.
Plants: Phragmoplast extends to cell wall on both sides of
original cell, new cell wall between the two daughter cells is
completed.
cytoskeleton (microtubules, actin filaments etc.): http://www.a
ccessexcellence.org/AB/GG/cytoSkeleton.html
chromosome: http://www.acc
essexcellence.org/AB/GG/chromosome.html
mitosis: http://www.access
excellence.org/AB/GG/mitosis.html http://www.bioweb.unc
c.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm (actual micrographs of
plant and animal mitosis are shown here)
Try the links in the MadSci Library for more information on Cell Biology.