MadSci Network: Physics |
Actually, E=mc^2 isn't a lorentz transformation at all -- it's one of the 4 equations relating energy/momentum to velocity and mass. And it's not even correct -- that equation gives the energy of the particle at rest, not in motion. The total energy of an object with a velocity v is E = gamma m c^ 2, where gamma is:
gamma = 1/(1 - v^2/c^2)^1/2
The other three equations in "this set" are p = gamma m v, where p is momentum in one of the three directions (x,y, or z) and v is velocity in the same direction. Therefore there are 3 momentum equations (one for each spatial coordinate) and 1 energy equation.
A lorentz transformation, on the other hand, takes a spacetime vector in one coordinate system (t,x,y,z) and transforms it into the same vector as seen by another coordinate system (t',x',y',z'). There are 4 equations, one for each component, but the transformations have nothing to do with E=mc^2.
Here is an excellent link detailing the Lorentz transformation. It starts off with a graphical representation and then has the 4 equations at the end of the page.
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