MadSci Network: Physics |
Reducing the boiling point would actually DECREASE the thermodynamic efficiency of the cycle since the working fluid would contain less energy (enthalpy) as it changed from liquid to vapor phase. This is why nuclear power plants typically operate at very high pressures. Boiling water reactors operate around 1020 psia with a main steam pressure of ~985 psia at the turbine throttle valves and pressurized water reactors operate at ~2250 psia with a throttle pressure around 875-900 psia. In the 1960s and 1970s there were a number of experimental reactor designs that used different coolants including liquid sodium, molten salt, and organic compounds. Each of these presented significant problems, mostly in the durability of materials in very harsh environments. Ultimately, pure water (or near-pure with small amounts of corrosion-preventing chemicals) has been found to be the most practical working fluid in terms of operating cost, wear and tear on plant materials such as turbine blades and boiler tubes, and overall reliability.
Try the links in the MadSci Library for more information on Physics.