MadSci Network: Evolution |
The term "ape" refers to a small number of large tailless primates found primarily in Africa and Asia. These are Gibbons, Orangutans, Gorillas, Chimpanzees, Bonobos, and Humans. Based on genetic comparisons, it seems like Gorillas, Chimpanzees, Bonobos and Humans are all more closely related to one another than any of them are to Orangutans or to Gibbons. This idea is supported by the fact that the first four all live in Africa, while the last two are found in Asia. It would seem that Gorillas, Chimpanzees, Bonobos and Humans are all evolved from a common ancestor that lived in Africa sometime between 5 and 7 million years ago. In fact, Chimpanzees and Bonobos seem to have evolved from a common ancestor which lived in Africa only 2 million years ago. When we talk about the common ancestral species of the African apes, we describe them as "ape-like" because we assume that they had characteristics which are found in all of their descendants, the contemporary African apes. However, since all of the African apes do not all look alike, it is difficult to say exactly what that their common ancestor looked like. We don't have any fossils of this creature. As a matter of fact, we have not found any fossils of the ancestors of Gorillas, Chimpanzees or Bonobos. However, we have found a modest number of fossils of the ancestors, and relatives of the ancestors, of Humans. One of these fossils is known as "Lucy". The skeleton known as "Lucy" is about 3 million yars old, not 13 million. This probably explains most of your confusion, becuase it means that the species to which Lucy belonged evolved after the common ancestor of the African apes. The species Lucy belonged to is called "Australopithecus afarensis". Looking at Lucy's skeleton, you can see that she would have looked much like a short lady with a small head. While Australopithecines also had many things in common with Gorillas and Chimpanzees, it seems like some of the characteristics that we associate with being human evolved very early along the evolutionary "path" that leads to humans. If you have more questions, here are two good sites which provide more information about the fossil record of our ancestors, as well as new findings in their fossil record.
Try the links in the MadSci Library for more information on Evolution.