MadSci Network: Chemistry |
This is a sophisticated problem for an elementary school science project! I do not know of a simple way for a 9-11 year old to do this. The help & supervision of a high school chemistry teacher would be needed to carry out the analysis as I outline below. If you wish you could get more information on H2O2 analytical methods from a college text on quantitative analytical chemistry. I don't think that high school or lower level texts discuss the topic. The techniques are complicated for someone who does not have some chemistry background. I do not think that visible light by itself affects hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The heat that light would generate in the H2O2 would cause it to more quickly decompose into oxygen (O2) and water (H2O). This is why it is packaged in brown bottles. I think that it would be difficult to differentiate H2O & H2O2 by spectroscopy in the UV/visible & infrared ranges. I'll outline a chemical method used to determine how much H2O2 is in a sample, to give an idea of what is involved. This method uses the fact that H2O2 reacts with (reduces) a purple potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution to produce colorless products. The chemical equation is: 5 H2O2 + 2 MnO4(-) + 6H(+)-----> 5 O2 (gas) + 2 Mn (+2) + 8 H2O The procedure involves diluting the H2O2 solution with water (H2O) and adding some dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to make the H2O2 solution acidic. This acidic H2O2 solution is reacted with a dilute KMnO4 sloution of known concentration. The purple KMnO4 solution is measured into the acidic H2O2 solution using a volume measuring device (called a buret) in a procedure called a titration. As long as H2O2 is present the added purple KMnO4 turns clear. When the H2O2 is used up, the next few drops of the KMnO4 turn the solution pink or light purple. This color signals that the H2O2 is used up. We stop adding the KMnO4 at this point and read the volume delivered from the buret. Because the concentration and volume (from the buret) of the KMnO4 are known we can calculate the amount of KMnO4 chemically used up. From the equation, this amount of KMnO4 can be used to calculate the amount of H2O2 that was present in the original sample. This is a summary of the procedure. I've left out details that would only complicate things. All of the chemicals I've mentioned are dangerous for an untrained person to use.