MadSci Network: Chemistry |
Simply put, the answer is "yes, it is because of the d-orbitals" that phosphorus has available and nitrogen doesn't. That probably doesn't go all the way to explaining the difference, though. In essence, the orbitals available to atoms are grouped in increasing order of energy. The (1s) orbital is at a lower or more negative energy than the (2s,2p) grouping, which is in turn at a lower energy than the (3s,3p,3d) grouping. This difference in energy between these orbitals is sizeable and means that electrons in the (2s,2p) group do not occupy the (3s,3p,3d) group. Without electrons in the orbital and the possibility of using those atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals, there is no bonding. Thus, nitrogen, with electrons only occupying the (2s,2p) group is limited to four molecular orbitals and three bonds (the remaining one is a "lone pair" of electrons). Phosphorus, on the other hand, has the possibility of forming up to 9 molecular orbitals and can have a much richer coordination chemistry. Hope this answers your question.
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