MadSci Network: Physics |
Good question, and usually only covered in college. First, it's called Lenz's Law, and it is a variant on the well known law "Nature always fights back". How it works: when you drop the magnet down the Cu or Al pipe, the moving field generates what are called "eddy currents" in the pipe metal. Now you have a current through a conductor which generates a magnetic field. Then this *induced* magnetic field (induced by the motion of the magnet through the pipe OPPOSES the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet, which reduces the net acceleration that the magnet sees while falling, which slows the magnet down. The stronger the magnet or the greater the conductivity of the pipe, the stronger the deceleration effect. If you should use a PVC pipe, you will see no effect at all (the magnet will move at full speed) since you can't induce any current in a non-conductor.
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