MadSci Network: Chemistry |
A classic exercise in chemistry is to plot the trends in boiling points for series of compounds against their molar masses. Its a dramatic way to point out the strength of hydrogen bonds, when you use sequences like H2O-H2S-H2Se-H2Te or HF-HCl-HBr-HI. However, I'm a bit confused when it comes to explaining the trends in the non-hydrogen bonded members of these series. I understand that in a nonpolar molecule the major attractive forces are London forces. And bigger atoms with more electrons and more volume are more polarizable, so the London forces on HI can get larger than for HBr. Fine and dandy. But what about HCl? The difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and chlorine would suggest a fairly polar character for the H-Cl bond. And I thought that dipole foces between polar molecules were an order of magnitude stronger than the instantaneous dipoles of London forces. So hydrogen chloride should have a higher boiling point than HBr. But it doesn't. Is percent ionic character that much less important than atomic size in determining the strength of these intermolecular attractions? Or am I missing a piece of the puzzle?
Re: Boiling Points and Hydrogen Bonds
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