| MadSci Network: Physics |
"Wind", that are billions of air molecules moving relative to the surface
of the earth in a certain direction. Each molecule has, at a given time, a
certain velocity. There are two different movements that have to be
distinguished:
1.) Thermal movement. Dependent on the temperature of the air, the air
molecules move with velocities of about 300 m/s in random directions. Some
move faster and others more slowly ("Maxwell velocity distribution"). They
often hit each other. This movement is the main reason for the air
pressure.
2.) On a windy day, additionaly to this random movement there is some
movement of the air moleculs in a certain direction. This is what we call
"wind". The simple picture is, of course, that all the molecules move in
the same direction at the same velocity. This is the "wind velocity".
However, this velocity (also depending on time) depends on the place that
you measure it. You can compare that to a river that flows faster in the
center and more slowly at the bank. In science, people talk about "vector
fields". On a mountain the wind might be faster than in the valley. Often,
the differences are rather small and we simply talk about "the" wind
velocity.
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