MadSci Network: Physics |
The answer to the first question: The field lines are visual aids for representing vector fields such as electric or magnetic field. By definition the tangent of the field line at a certain point is the same as the direction of the vector field at that point. If two field lines intersect at some point, the vector field at that point will have two directions, which violates the definition of a vector field. Therefore field lines can not intersect by definition, unless at some singular points where the vector field has ininite values, for example, at the position of a point charge. The answer to the second question: Static electric force is imposed on an electron when it is in a static electric field. The direction of the force is opposite to that of the electric field. Therefore if we want to focus an electron beam, we need a specially designed static electric field with out-going radial components. When electrons moving through such a field, they will shift inward radially. A cylindrical anode with a hole in the center can serve this purpose. This is also called an electromagnetic lense and belongs to a research domain called electron optics, which uses analogy to optics to study the control of electron beams in electric or magnetic fields. For further information I suggest you read the book of A.B. El-Karech and J.C. El-Karech, "Electron Beams, Lenses and Optics" or some other books on the same topic.
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