| MadSci Network: Cell Biology |
First, let me say that your reason for asking this question ("i just
wanted to know")is one of the best reasons that you could possibly have
for asking(although I must insist punctuation is important). Curiosity,
wanting to know something, has motivated generations of scientists. Too
often science is criticized for not being useful, as if satisfying our
human curiosity and understanding nature is not worthwhile or useful. So
by all means, stay curious; keep asking questions.
Plants have chloroplasts in their roots because all the cells in
multicellular organisms arise from a single cell via cell division. The
cellular contents including chloroplasts multiply and are apportioned to
each daughter cell. So all cells at the outset are basically identical
although they develop to have different functions. Plants cannot
manufacture new chloroplasts; chloroplasts can only come from other
chloroplasts, which is one of the reasons scientists think chloroplasts
were originally photosynthetic bacteria. Chloroplasts have their own DNA
and divide like other bacteria. So root cells, stem cells, and leaf cells
all start with the same complement of cell contents. Actually what is
present are plastids, which can develop to have one of several functions.
Chloroplasts develop chlorophyll and function in photosynthesis. Plastids
in roots usually don't develop chlorophyll, but plastids in root cells
function to store starch. Starch grains are actually a type of plastid
called amyloplasts (amylo- meaning starch). Other plastids produce orange
or red pigments and are called chromoplasts. Such plastids produce some
fruit and flower colors. The plastids in root cells of some plants like
epiphytic (growing upon another plant) orchids develop chlorophyll making
their roots green. Some plants will make green roots if their roots are
exposed to light. All seedlings need light to stimulate chlorophyll
production turning the plastids into chloroplasts. Bean seeds germinated
in the dark remain non-green until exposed to light. Try it, you'll see.
Try the links in the MadSci Library for more information on Cell Biology.