MadSci Network: Cell Biology |
First, let me say that your reason for asking this question ("i just wanted to know")is one of the best reasons that you could possibly have for asking(although I must insist punctuation is important). Curiosity, wanting to know something, has motivated generations of scientists. Too often science is criticized for not being useful, as if satisfying our human curiosity and understanding nature is not worthwhile or useful. So by all means, stay curious; keep asking questions. Plants have chloroplasts in their roots because all the cells in multicellular organisms arise from a single cell via cell division. The cellular contents including chloroplasts multiply and are apportioned to each daughter cell. So all cells at the outset are basically identical although they develop to have different functions. Plants cannot manufacture new chloroplasts; chloroplasts can only come from other chloroplasts, which is one of the reasons scientists think chloroplasts were originally photosynthetic bacteria. Chloroplasts have their own DNA and divide like other bacteria. So root cells, stem cells, and leaf cells all start with the same complement of cell contents. Actually what is present are plastids, which can develop to have one of several functions. Chloroplasts develop chlorophyll and function in photosynthesis. Plastids in roots usually don't develop chlorophyll, but plastids in root cells function to store starch. Starch grains are actually a type of plastid called amyloplasts (amylo- meaning starch). Other plastids produce orange or red pigments and are called chromoplasts. Such plastids produce some fruit and flower colors. The plastids in root cells of some plants like epiphytic (growing upon another plant) orchids develop chlorophyll making their roots green. Some plants will make green roots if their roots are exposed to light. All seedlings need light to stimulate chlorophyll production turning the plastids into chloroplasts. Bean seeds germinated in the dark remain non-green until exposed to light. Try it, you'll see.
Try the links in the MadSci Library for more information on Cell Biology.