MadSci Network: Botany |
Seedless grapes cultivars are vegetatively propagated by grafting or rooting of stem cuttings. Grape breeders use a tissue culture technique called embryo rescue to save the developing embryo before it dies. The grape breeders can then use the seedling in breeding because seedless grapes produce functional flowers. If you look inside a seedless grape fruit, you can find the remains of the embryo(s). Seedless grapes requires pollination and fertilization to set fruit, but the embryo dies before the seed is fully developed. This type of seedless fruit formation is called stenspermocarpy. Most seedless fruits are formed by parthenocarpy in which fertilization is not required. Another interesting question is where do the seeds to grow seedless watermelon come from? A diploid (2N) and tetraploid (4N) are crossed to produce triploid (3N) seeds. The triploid produces seedless fruit but requires pollination from a diploid because the triploid does not produce pollen.
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