MadSci Network: General Biology
Query:

Re: Is the element Manganese a solid,liquid, or gas

Date: Mon Dec 25 10:05:49 2000
Posted By: Eric Maass, Director, semiconductors / communication products
Area of science: General Biology
ID: 977706175.Gb
Message:

Manganese (not to be confused with Magnesium) is a solid -  a silvery-white metal, in fact.  We generally don't find manganese
as a separate element, except in meteors. Usually, manganese is found as a compound in ores like rhodochrosite, manganite,
and pyrolusite (manganese dioxide) - largely found in Russia and South Africa.

Manganese doesn't melt and become a liquid unless you heat it up to 1244 Celsius (2271 Fahrenheit), and doesn't boil
into a gas unless you heat it up to 2095 Celsius (3803 Fahrenheit).

Manganese is often added to steel to make it stronger. Safes are made of manganese steel, with 12% manganese.

Manganese also has a surprisingly variety of valences it can use in forming compounds (2,3,4,6,7) - this means it has a lot
of flexibility in sharing electrons with other atoms and molecules, and so can form a pretty broad variety of compounds, from
dark purple crystals like sodium or potassium permanganate to the pink cotton dye, manganese sulfate. Some of those 
compounds may be in liquid form at room temperature.

Here is a Columbia Encyclopedia entry on manganese.

Have a happy holiday season!



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