MadSci Network: Chemistry |
Co-ordinate bonds are covalent bonds. At one time it was thought that every pair of electrons shared between two atoms had to be composed of one electron from each of the atoms. Then it was realized that there are cases where a shared pair seems to have come solely from one of the atoms sharing that pair. This is the case with the pair shared in the single bond between one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom in the Lewis structure of N2O3. An oxygen atom brings 6 electrons to the Lewis structure. The only way an oxygen can make a single bond and have 3 lone pairs is if the nitrogen has contributed the pair. So the co-ordinate covalent bond is in the Lewis structure which has eight electrons around all atoms. It seems now that there is less of an attempt to draw the distinction between a covalent bond and a co-ordinate bond. Add up all of the valence electrons and put them in the structure to fulfil the octet rule. There is one consequence of this idea of a co-ordinate covalent bond. The bond in question has charge separation. I don't know whether you have studied this yet, but the nitrogen atom in this bond has a Formal Charge of +1 and the oxygen atom in this bond has a Formal Charge of -1. The molecule is still overall neutral.
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